Interview Questions

Middleware processes requests/responses globally. Implements security, sessions, authentication. Order matters in MIDDLEWARE setting. Can modify request/response objects. Consider performance impact, execution order. Implement custom middleware for cross-cutting concerns.

Use built-in auth in Django, Flask-Login for Flask. Implement JWT for APIs. Handle session management, password hashing. Consider OAuth integration, multi-factor authentication. Implement proper security measures and token management.

Use makemigrations and migrate commands. Handle schema changes, data migrations. Test migrations before deployment. Consider backwards compatibility. Implement proper rollback procedures. Document migration dependencies.

Use session middleware, handle session storage (database/cache). Consider session timeout, security. Implement proper cleanup. Handle session invalidation. Consider distributed session management.

Use CDN, proper static file serving. Handle caching, compression. Consider performance optimization. Implement proper cache invalidation. Handle versioning of static files.

Use logging framework, handle different log levels. Implement proper log formatting. Consider log aggregation, analysis. Implement proper log rotation. Handle sensitive data in logs.

Use role-based access control (RBAC), implement permission checks. Handle group permissions. Consider hierarchical roles. Implement proper access control lists (ACL).

Use Flask-RESTful or Flask API extensions. Implement resource classes, HTTP methods (GET, POST, etc.). Handle serialization, authentication. Consider API versioning, documentation (Swagger/OpenAPI). Implement proper error handling and status codes.

Use Celery, Redis Queue, or Django Q. Handle task queuing, scheduling. Implement proper error handling, retries. Consider monitoring, scaling. Handle task priorities and dependencies.

Implement rate limiting middleware, handle quota management. Consider distributed rate limiting. Implement proper headers. Handle burst traffic. Document rate limit policies.

Use form classes (Django Forms, WTForms). Implement server-side validation, CSRF protection. Handle file uploads safely. Consider client-side validation, error messages. Implement proper sanitization and validation rules.

Use cache frameworks (Django's cache, Flask-Caching). Implement view caching, template fragment caching. Consider cache invalidation strategies. Handle cache backends (Redis, Memcached). Implement proper cache key management.

Use channels in Django, Flask-SocketIO in Flask. Handle real-time communication, event handling. Consider scaling considerations, connection management. Implement proper error handling and reconnection strategies.

Validate file types, size limits. Store files securely (filesystem/cloud storage). Handle virus scanning. Consider performance implications. Implement proper cleanup procedures. Handle concurrent uploads.

Use URL versioning, header versioning, or content negotiation. Handle backwards compatibility. Consider documentation updates. Implement proper version management. Handle deprecated versions gracefully.

Use environment variables, configuration files. Handle different environments (dev/prod). Implement secure credential management. Consider configuration versioning. Document configuration requirements.

Use Swagger/OpenAPI specification. Implement automatic documentation generation. Handle versioning, examples. Consider interactive documentation. Implement proper testing of documentation.

Use pagination classes (Django) or implement custom pagination. Handle cursor-based, offset pagination. Consider performance implications. Implement proper link headers. Handle edge cases.

Use search engines (Elasticsearch), implement full-text search. Handle indexing, querying. Consider performance optimization. Implement proper result ranking. Handle search suggestions.

Use template inheritance, handle template caching. Implement proper escaping. Consider performance optimization. Handle template organization. Implement proper error handling.

Django is a full-featured framework with built-in admin, ORM, auth. Flask is a lightweight, flexible microframework. Django follows 'batteries included' philosophy, while Flask follows minimalist approach. Consider project size, requirements for choice. Django better for large applications, Flask for microservices.

Implement CSRF protection, XSS prevention, SQL injection protection. Use secure headers, HTTPS. Handle input validation, output encoding. Consider security headers, cookie security. Implement proper access controls.

Use rate limiting middleware/decorators. Implement token bucket algorithm. Handle different rate limits per user/API. Consider distributed rate limiting. Implement proper error responses and headers.

Implement proper exception handling, custom error pages. Log errors appropriately. Handle different types of errors (404, 500). Consider user experience. Implement proper error reporting and monitoring.

Implement CORS middleware, handle preflight requests. Configure allowed origins, methods, headers. Consider security implications. Handle credentials properly. Implement proper error responses.

Use unittest, pytest for testing. Implement unit tests, integration tests. Handle test data, fixtures. Consider test coverage. Implement proper test organization and documentation.

Use containerization (Docker), implement CI/CD. Handle environment configuration. Consider scaling strategies. Implement proper monitoring. Document deployment procedures.

Use connection pooling, handle connection lifecycle. Implement proper error handling. Consider connection timeouts. Handle connection leaks. Monitor connection usage.

Handle webhook registration, event delivery. Implement retry logic. Consider security implications. Handle webhook validation. Implement proper error handling.

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